Having Intrusive Thoughts That You Just Seem To Not Be

Having intrusive thoughts that you just seem to not be able to get rid of is not as weird, as some people might assume. This is actually quite common and is not abnormal. This does not necessarily mean you have OCD, the disorder OCD is often overused and unnecessary unless diagnosed by a licensed professional. The turning point from normal to abnormal is when these thoughts cause distress and disruptive in that person’s life. There are many different ways OCD can manifest and OCD can be very difficult to deal with, but luckily there are various options for treatment. Clinically, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is when unwanted thoughts, images, or urges persist in a person’s mind and often results in an increase in anxiety. The†¦show more content†¦Forbidden thoughts or actions, many people with OCD have thoughts that are not typical or normal to have in their culture. Cleaning and contamination, this can manifest as the thought that objects or surfaces are dirty and also the thought that it may make the person ill if they came in contact with it. â€Å"Obsessions might be triggered by stimuli in the environment (e.g., a religious icon or driving a car) or occur without an apparent trigger (e.g., the impulse to yell a curse word in a place of worship)† (Abramowitz Jacoby, 2014). Compulsions, on the other hand, are the rituals or actions that are done in response to the obsessions. Often the rituals are trying to give relief to the controlling thoughts. Examples of this include checking, which may be checking if a door is closed or if the stove is on multiple times because they want to be sure. Ordering and arranging, objects need to be in a specific place. Cleaning and contamination, either washing surfaces repetitively or washing one s hands an unnecessary amount of times. To go into a little more detail, there are five main categories that are the most well known for how OCD manifests in people, some have previously been men tioned. In no particular order, the first is washing and cleaning. Those who are a part of this category often have a fear of contamination. If they touchShow MoreRelatedObsessive Compulsive Disorder Essay1232 Words   |  5 PagesObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts that produce uneasiness, apprehension, fear, or worry. The acts of those who have OCD may appear paranoid and potentially psychotic. However, OCD sufferers generally recognize their obsessions and compulsions as irrational and may become further distressed by this realization. Obsessive–compulsive disorder affects children and adolescents, as well as adults. Roughly one third to one half of adults withRead MoreMemory699 Words   |  3 Pagestime. You are most likely to forget information soon after you learn it. However, memory has a use-it-or-lose-it quality: memories that are called up and used frequently are least likely to be forgotten. Although tra nsience might seem like a sign of memory weakness, brain scientists regard it as beneficial because it clears the brain of unused memories, making way for newer, more useful ones. 2. Absentmindedness This type of forgetting occurs when you don’t pay close enough attention. You forgetRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd )1679 Words   |  7 PagesHaving occasional intrusive thoughts that you just are unable to get rid of is in itself not as strange, as some people might assume. It is fact actually quite common and not abnormal. Many people believe they have obsessive-compulsive disorder because of symptoms they may share with the disorder. But more and more often, this disorder is being overused and misdiagnosed unnecessarily. The turning point that changes from normal to abnormal is when these thoughts cause distress and disruption in thatRead MoreIs Anxiety A Normal Human Emotion That Every Single Person Experiences?1604 Words   |  7 Pagesobsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suffer from unwanted and intrusive thoughts that they can t seem to get out of their heads (obsessions), often compelling them to repeatedly perform ritualistic behaviors and routines (com pulsions) to try and ease their anxiety. (GAD) I love to scrapbook, and colors and other things have to match up or it will drive me crazy! I will play with it until it looks just right; Im not sure what causes this, but my brain will just not let it be. The problem with this is that ifRead MoreZeigarnik Effect1702 Words   |  7 Pageswords, if we are doing a task, in an interested and motivated way, and have to stop doing it, we ll find it hard to settle until we get back to the task and finish it. This effect has interesting implications for the way we work. But before we give you 3 tips on how to apply the Zeigarnik effect, (that s an example of how to use the effect, by the way), here s how it got its name. How the Zeigarnik Effect Was Discovered The Zeigarnik Effect is named after Bluma Zeigarnik, a Russian psychologistRead MoreThe Essence of Human Nature808 Words   |  4 Pagesreading Lau Tsus Thoughts from the Tao-te Ching, and The Analects of Confucious, I realized that my philosophy of human nature fell closely in line with the philosophies both men lived by. As Confucious stated, To respect parents and elders is the root of humanity. Whether on a personal level, professional level, political level, or in any other facet of daily living, the respect provided to any individual lays the foundation of their actions, reactions and views. When you look at all thatRead MoreImportance Of The Tenth Amendment1315 Words   |  6 Pagesto the people.† The purpose of the tenth Amendment is to define the division of power between the federal government and state governments. The Tenth Amendment: Protecting Freedom Against Big Government The Tenth Amendment protects Americans from intrusive federal government action, The federal government only has powers listed in the constitution. Sometimes the federal government may try to do whatever they want, but do not consider the state powers. Federal government must follow the constitutionRead MoreEssay on Philosophy on Education1029 Words   |  5 Pagesimparting and acquiring of knowledge through teaching and learning? Is education only something you receive in a school. Education to me begins at birth; a journey that has begun, as you experience new things you learn and grow mentally and emotionally. By the time a child begins school they have learned a multitude of things which include a number of things like walking, speaking, listening this is just the beginning of their learning career. My beliefs are that all children can learn they have aRead MoreOcd Speech991 Words   |  4 Pages2 million American adults† suffer from Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in a giv en year. In a world of 6 billion people, 2.2 million doesn’t seem like much, but to put it into perspective, 2.2 million is about the population of Houston, Texas. b. Motivation: This disorder is a part of everyday life and affects all Americans, regardless of race or class. Just like thousands of other medical problems that affect us today, it’s important for the public to be informed about the disorder in order toRead MoreResearch on the Attitude of the Irish on Alcohol720 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstand experience, ideas, beliefs and values. Researchers aim to gather a deep understanding of human behaviour and the reasons that govern such behaviour. The qualitative method investigates the reasons behind the decision making process, not just what, where and when. Therefore, smaller but more focused samples are often used rather than large samples. Focus groups, in-depth interviews and content analysis are among some of the approaches used, but the research involves the analysis of any

Marriage Is Not All Black And White - 2695 Words

Unlikely Couples: Love is not all Black and White Discussing the Lack of African-American Man and White Woman Interracial Couples in Hollywood Films from 1960-2014 Marisol De Leà ³n Soc 290-140 November 25, 2014 It is hard to believe that once upon a time people vehemently fought against interracial unions in some misguided endeavor to protect the sanctity of marriage. Not only were interracial marriages frowned upon, but until Loving versus Virginia in 1967, they were actually considered illegal in many states and were punishable with jail time (Justia). Despite all the initial opposition, in the last decade interracial marriages have been steadily increasing. According to the United States 2010 Census, interracial marriages have increased 28% since the year 2000. Now, one in twelve married couples is an interracial couple. Considering that race is socially constructed and that there is no biological evidence to prove that it otherwise is not, it is inspiring to see more and more couples disregard racial barriers and merely see the person rather than the color of their skin. It is disheartening, however, to see that Hollywood films have not taken a similar approach to adequately portray th is impressive increase of interracial couples in the United States. While Hollywood has had no previous qualms about featuring an interracial couple, the couple shown will almost always fall into one of the following categories: a white or AfricanShow MoreRelatedThe For Multiracial Marriages And Multiracial Individual Identity1661 Words   |  7 Pagesfail to capture a phemenon poised to reshape how race is actually lived in America: the increase in multiracial marriages and births, which almost certainly will lead to more blended populations in future generations. 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Throughout the play Othello, we see the struggles of a marriage that is not accepted by their society. Othello is a extremely cherished black general living in a primarily white community. The play begins with Othello secretly becoming married to a white woman named Desdemona. This reasons others who are white to become angry and excuse to dislike this black man further more than they already do. Othello is a downw ard spiral from love, to jealousy, to betrayalRead More Interracial Relationships Essay1738 Words   |  7 Pagesstare at them everywhere they go? In June of 1958, a white man and a half African-American and half American-Indian woman, both native citizens of Virginia, wed in South America. Not long after the marriage the couple returned back to the state of Virginia where they decided to establish a happy family. In October of 1958 the couple received an indictment charge, stating that the marriage had violated Virginia’s law of no interracial marriages. The couple was found guilty and was sentenced to oneRead MoreThe Color Of Water By James Mcbride1727 Words   |  7 PagesThe Color of Water: A Black Man’s Tribute to his Mother The Color of Water: A Black Man’s Tribute to his White Mother written by James McBride is a miraculous memoir about James’ and his mother’s life. He describes in detail what it was like growing up in a household with a white mother, a black father, and eleven black siblings. Biracial marriages and families were not the norm and nor was it accepted by society during that time. James encountered many misfortunes growing up and was constantlyRead MoreThe Impact Of Modern Day College Students And Working Members Of Society1321 Words   |  6 PagesInterracial marriages has increased dramatically since the 1970s but according to 2007 U.S. Bureau of the Census data (2009), Black/White marriages count for half a percent of all marriages in America (Field, Kimuna, Straus, 2013, p. 742). In fact, white people are less likely to marry black people then they are to marry any other ethnic race other than their own. According to a 2012 Current Population Survey: â€Å"just 0.3% of White men in marriages were married to Black woman and 0.8% of White woman inRead MoreRethinking the Color Line: Larger Issues of Races and Racism Reflected By Romance1727 Words   |  7 Pagesdecades. Considering the statistics given, it is visible that Black-White marriages and Asian-American marriages were a taboo in the early twentieth century however this trend has gain familiarity and fame in the masses reflecting that individuals from Black and Asian ethic groups are becoming more acceptable to Whites. It was the interracial marriages which made many states change their legislation, lift bans on interracial marriages and made amendments to the existing laws by showing acceptabilityRead MoreThe Debate Over Interracial Couples942 Words   |  4 Pagesparagraph three I have came across an interesting quote saying that. In the course of the proceedings the trial judge asserted that Almighty God created the races white, black, yellow, Malay and red and he placed them on separate continents. And for the interference with his arrangement there would be no cause for such marriages. The fact that he separated the races shows that he did not intend for the races to mix. Now if that is true that God has separate us individuals on the continentsRead MoreWhat Comes Naturally : Miscegenation Law And The Making Of Race882 Words   |  4 PagesPeggy Pascoe examines the history of miscegenation and how it laid the foundation of white supremacy in the United States. While visible forms of white supremacy such as segregation helped mask the importance of miscegenation laws, Pascoe argues that miscegenation laws was a national movement tied inseparably to gender and sexuality that went beyond the Black/White dynamic, which courts and bureaucracies of local marriage officials used to produce race in America. Pascoe goes on to argue that the coreRead MoreIs Marriage For White People?1401 Words   |  6 PagesIn Ralph Richard Banks’ book entitled â€Å"Is Marriage for White People?† the definition of marriage varies from different cultures and views. The most popular and idealistic notion is that marriage is a result of the unconditional love of two people wanting to share this union for th e rest of their lives, in a long committed way. For some however, marriage is more of an economic arrangement, like a pact for two people to catch each other when the other one falls. And for others, it is only a piece of

The Federal Hpv Vaccination Programme Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

There are a figure of ethical issues that arise in proviso of health care services. Although most of the health care enterprises are meant to assist the targeted population overcome wellness jobs they are meeting, proviso of these services has ever been ridden with ethical contentions. One of the recent health care enterprises that have been surrounded by a batch of contention is Federal HPV Vaccination programme. We will write a custom essay sample on The Federal Hpv Vaccination Programme Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This programme was meant to inoculate all misss between the age of 12 and 26 to protect them against HPV that causes cervical malignant neoplastic disease and venereal warts. However, there are different ethical issues that arose in the class of execution of the school-based programme. It was argued that the plan was implemented as a consequence of increased advertizement by the pharmaceutical companies about the effectivity of the Gardasil vaccinum while there was no scientific study that backed the effectivity of the vaccinum. This was considered as indefensible response to moral issues because there was no adequate grounds back uping the usage of the vaccinums. However, the authorities still insists that the plan was meant to make good for the targeted population sing that cervical malignant neoplastic disease and venereal warts are going major public wellness concern. This is merely one of the health care initiatives that have led to great public tumult when scrutinized in diffe rent ethical positions. Healthcare services are meant to assist the population overcome major wellness jobs they face but at the same clip they attract a batch of contention due to struggle of involvement. In order to understand this job good, this survey will reexamine the Federal HPV Vaccine Programme and the ethical issues that arose as a consequence. The survey will first expression at the Federal HPV Vaccination Programme including its aims. The survey will so reexamine the ethical issues that arose from this programme and analyse one of the jobs through ethical positions. The Federal HPV Vaccination Programme Human Papillomavirus ( HPV ) is a group of viruses that are known to do skin warts, venereal warts and different types of malignant neoplastic diseases. There are different HPV that affects different parts of the organic structure with some of them infecting the venereal countries. Warts that are found on other parts of the organic structure like the custodies are known to be caused by different types of HPV. HPV types 6, 11, and 18 are known to do malignant neoplastic diseases with types 16 and 18 linked to cervical malignant neoplastic diseases while types 6 and 11 are linked to venereal warts ( Winer, Hughes A ; Feng 2006: 2648 ) . Due to the increased prevalence of venereal warts and cervical caners, there have been concerted attempts aimed at developing a vaccinum to cover with the job. HPV is spread by direct contact or during sexual activities. It is estimated that approximately four out of five people are likely to hold venereal HPV infection at some times in their lives ( P arkin 2006: 3035 ; Australian Government, 2010 ) . This is the chief ground why HPV vaccinums have become of import for misss who are sexually activity. The major job with HPV is that it does non do symptoms that people can see ( Winer, Hughes A ; Feng 2006: 2649 ) . This means that people can hold HPV and non cognize because there are no apparent symptoms. In 2007, the Australian Federal authorities began one of the most ambitious immunisation programmes. It began funding voluntary plan that made Gardasil available and adult females between the age of 12 and 26 old ages for free within a period of two old ages ( Christian 2006: 12 ) . The authorities besides ensured that there was an on-going inoculation programme that targeted 12 and 13 old ages old in schools. Australian authorities, in concurrence with PBS ( Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme ) approved the vaccinum for public usage and instantly began a national broad programme for school misss aged 7 to 12 old ages ( Poljak A ; Gemman 2006: 9 ) . The plan has been run by the local councils but the support is provided by the authorities. However, it is argued that the subsidisation of the vaccinums by the authorities could hold been implemented under political influence. Even the curate stood up and said that the programme would be approved long before it received authorities blessing. In add-on, the authorities outlined that adult females between the age of 18 and 26 old ages could besides have the first dosage for free but they had to petitions it from their general practicians ( Christian 2006: 12 ) . However the programme was scaled down to 12 and 13 old ages misss merely after 2009. In add-on, the authorities had approved Gardasil for inoculation of male childs aged between 9 and 15 ol d ages although the authorities did non supply support for boys inoculation ( Christian 2006: 12 ) . The authorities besides directed that in the procedure of disposal of the vaccinums, general practicians should remind their clients that they should besides go on with the regular pablum vilification ( Parkin 2006: 3042 ) . It besides directed them to promote adult females who received the vaccinums to register with National HPV Register for supervising intent. The National HPV inoculation programme registry is used to roll up informations in order to measure the impact of the HPV inoculation on the rates of cervical caners. It is besides used to measure the success of the programme in coverage and if the contact vaccinum receivers required a supporter dosage ( Poljak A ; Gemman 2006: 9 ) . The registry is of import in helping the authorities recognize its mark of cut downing the prevalence of venereal warts and cervical malignant neoplastic disease among adult females. Ethical issues Like other healthcare enterprises, there are different ethical issues that arise. In the class of history, there have been medical enterprises, particularly those that involve the mass, which have resulted to ethical jobs ( Zimmerman 2006: 4815 ) . Ethical contentions are likely to ensue every clip there is aggregate disposal of vaccinums to forestall spread of diseases. One of the chief issues that arise in such plans is safety. Although there are laboratory and research studies that confirms that safety of these programmes, issues of safety comes in the class of execution of the programme or long after the programme has been winded up. The chief issue of safety when it comes to disposal of vaccinums is that receivers feel that their safety can non be guaranteed because they have non been involved in preparation of the vaccinums or when there is no adequate informations that supports the safety of the vaccinums ( Shciller A ; Lowy 2006: 1168 ) . Another job that arises in the class of public wellness programmes is the issue of informed consent ( Zimmerman 2006: 4815 ) . Although it may be outlined right from the start that the programme will be voluntary, there are propagandas that arise in the class of the programme that convinces the receivers that they have been forced to have the vaccinums. The other job that may originate after such a programme is the usage of options. In most instances, new vaccinums are introduced in such public programmes but the continued usage of the earlier health care services may be affected. For illustration it has been shown that in instances where HPV vaccinum has been administered, most receivers are likely to predate regular showing for malignant neoplastic disease ( WHO ) . The populace can non merely understand why they have been introduced to a new vaccinum and yet they are requited to go on utilizing the old methods of testing like Pap smear. There were a figure of ethical issues that arose in the class of execution of The Federal HPV Vaccination Programme. The first ethical issue was based on the fact that there was non scientific cogent evidence that backed Gardasil as an effectual vaccinum in bar of HPV ( Zimmerman 2006: 4817 ) . Two of the recent articles that were published by New England Journal of Medicine suggested that the vaccinums against cervical malignant neoplastic diseases was used without adequate grounds to shows that they were effectual in undertaking the disease ( Zimmerman 2006: 4815 ) . The writers of these two articles noted that despite the fact that there has been assuring consequences from clinical tests, there was still no sufficient evident to endorse the effectivity of the vaccinums against cervical malignant neoplastic diseases. There as so many indispensable inquiries that still need to be answered and the populace should be cautious when seeking these vaccinums. A recent study that was released in New York Times showed that these vaccinums have been studied for a short period of clip and long term effects are yet to be established The vaccinums was licensed in 2006 after clinical tests that lasted for more than six old ages but this did non bring forth any grounds to demo their effectivity ( Roden, Ling A ; Wu 2004: 979 ) . Most of import inquiries that have non been answered sing the vaccinums is the continuance the unsusceptibility will last and whether extinguishing strains of the cancers-causing virus is likely to diminish the degree of bodyaa‚ ¬a„?s natural unsusceptibility to other strains of the same virus. Cervical malignant neoplastic disease normally develops after the persons have been infected with chronic HPV and there is no cogent evidence to demo that vaccinums will protect the organic structure against two strains of the virus that are known to do cervical malignant neoplastic disease ( Shciller A ; Lowy 2006: 1169 ) . One of major ethical issues that arise from the programme is that the authorities could be enforcing uneffective vaccinums on the population ( Colgrove 2006: 1390 ) . In most instances, medical programmes like The Federal HPV Vaccination Programme are perceived from a useful position in the sense that they are supposed to assist the population. The result of the programmes like The Federal HPV Vaccination Programme should assist the targeted population wellness wise ( Verweij A ; Dawson 2004: 3126 ) . With this perceptual experience in head, the chief purpose of execution of The Federal HPV Vaccination Programme was to help Australian misss fight cervical malignant neoplastic diseases and venereal warts. However, the involvement of the authorities could non hold been good informed in visible radiation of the studies published in New England Journal of Medicine that shows deficiency of scientific cogent evidence to endorse disposal of this vaccinum in contending cervical malignant ne oplastic disease. Was Australian authorities justified in the usage of Gardasil to contend prevalence of cervical malignant neoplastic diseases in misss sing that there was no adequate scientific backup to turn out it? This is a inquiry that needs to be interrogated through different ethical positions but the involvement of the parties involved must be taken into consideration. Earlier, it was mentioned that the authorities determination to transport out The Federal HPV Vaccination Programme was influenced by political powers ( Haas 2009: 289 ) . There is all ground to interrogate the determination by the authorities to perpetrate more than $ 160 million of the taxpayeraa‚ ¬a„?s money on a vaccinum that has non been proved effectual. First, this meant that the authorities had to relocate financess from other health care plans into order to fund this programme, which led to less financess available for other critical health care disbursement like on of import herceptin and other bosom medicines. This can be considered as a misplaced precedence that was implemented on land of political influence. Closely tied to this issue is concern about increased advertizement of the vaccinum by pharmaceutical companies ( Yudin 2010: 56 ) ) . For many old ages, the pharmaceutical industry has been criticized for advertisement merchandises that have non yet be en proved. Hungry for immense net incomes, the pharmaceutical industry has been publicizing their merchandises long before they have undergone proper vetting process to declare them suit for human ingestion. This is an ethical issue when one considers the effects that such merchandises may hold on the population. In a nut shell, the pharmaceutical industry can be applauded for puting in R A ; D to guarantee development of drugs and vaccinums to control lifting instance of malignant neoplastic diseases. However, their influence on the political category may take the authorities to take determination like the one taken by Australian authorities for the involvement of these companies. They understood really good that with the authorities backup of such a programme, there would be increased ingestion of their merchandises interpreting to immense net incomes they are seeking in the market ( Schwartz 2010: 1843 ) . Therefore, there is a likeliness that the determination taken by Australi a authorities could hold been influenced by the pharmaceutical companies that had carried out extended advertizement on the effectual of Gardasil in contending cervical malignant neoplastic disease. Is it possible that the authorities has fallen quarries to strategies by pharmaceutical companies to publicize their merchandises? Did these companies influence the political category to approve the plan in order to function their ego involvement? These are many others are inquiries that need to be closely interrogated when sing the influence of the political category and the pharmaceutical companies on authorities determination to turn over out The Federal HPV Vaccination Programme. However, it is apparent that the increased advertizement on the effectivity of the vaccinums could hold had major influence on the authorities while implementing this plan. In add-on, there were moral issues that could be explored in visible radiation of The Federal HPV Vaccination Programme. The desire by the authorities to implement the programme could hold been elicited by the demand to protect 1000000s of immature misss in the state who a hazard of cervical malignant neoplastic diseases. In another position, it can be argued that through execution of this programme, the authorities assumed that Australian immature misss are prosecuting in sex, the most common method for transmittal of HPV. Australian parents were bullied into a medical response to one of the most controversial moral issue of sex. This was perceived as another programme by the authorities in its safe sex battle. It is acceptable that immature male childs and misss are prosecuting in sexual at a clip that is non appropriate but this does non vouch the authorities to pump false information about protecting immature people from such disease ( Verweij A ; Dawson 2004: 3124 ) . The issue of HPV is closely tied to sexual activities among the immature people and the best manner that can be used to cover with it is through plans that discourage immature misss from prosecuting in sex ( Roden, Ling A ; Wu 2004: 980 ) . Alternatively of the authorities directing such financess to programmes that will assist kids cover with sexual issues during stripling, the authorities goes on to administrate vaccinums that tells immature people that they have license to prosecute in sex because they are aa‚ ¬Aâ€Å"protectedaa‚ ¬A? . Oppositions of The Federal HPV Vaccination Programme argue that due to increased public trust on the Gardasil vaccinums, there is likeliness of lessening in usage of Pap smear that has been proved effectual in diagnosing of cervical malignant neoplastic disease ( Zimmerman 2006: 4814 ) . Although the Australian authorities has directed medical professions administrating the vaccinums to promote adult females to travel for regular Pap vilification, there is high likeliness that most adult females are likely to abstain from seeking pablum vilification and rely on the vaccinums which has non been proved effectual in combating cervical malignant neoplastic disease. Another ethical issue that arose in the class of the plan is informed consent. This is one of the most of import ethical demands in biomedical programmes where the participants have to be informed of the purpose of the programme and objectives it will accomplish. The Federal HPV Vaccination Programme dealt with immature kids who were non in place to do their ain determination sing their engagement in the programme ( Verweij A ; Dawson 2004: 3123 ) . Harmonizing to ethical theories, when covering with kids below the age of 18 old ages, parental consent must be sought before the kid participates in such a programme. By implementing The Federal HPV Vaccination Programme without affecting parents in blessing of the programme, the authorities violated one of the basic ethical demands. In this programme, parents should hold been involved in doing the determination whether to implement the programme or non. Although the ultimate purpose of the authorities was to protect immature misss from cervical malignant neoplastic disease, this does non vouch the demand to compromise the rules of informed consent and pick. Informed consent and The Federal HPV Vaccination Programme One of the ethical issues that arose from this plan was the issue of informed consent and pick. The issue of informed consent requires that participants in any medical procedure must be informed of their purpose of the procedure and they should give their consent to take part in the programme. This means engagement must non be compulsory. This rule requires that when covering with kids below the age of 18, who can non do their ain determination to take part in such plans, parental consent must be sought ( Verweij A ; Dawson 2004: 3126 ) . This means that their parents must be informed of the engagement of their kids and give their consent. The Federal HPV Vaccination Programme was intended to cover with the job of cervical malignant neoplastic disease in misss. From a useful position, the programme should hold produced good consequence for those take parting in the programme. It was supposed to cut down the prevalence of cervical malignant neoplastic diseases among adult female in Australian and this was asses through HPV Register. All medical enterprises like The Federal HPV Vaccination Programme are assessed through useful position because they are expected to hold positive consequences to the populace ( Smart A ; Williams 1973: 62 ) . A programme that produces negative consequences would be considered a liability to the authorities and the participants as good. The taking ethical rule for public wellness programmes is that they should bring forth good results for the mark population. However, this was non the instance in this programme because there were negative effects that were registered after The Federal HPV V accination Programme was implemented. In add-on, the useful attack to this issue does non vouch the authorities any right to go against basic rule of informed consent and pick ( Smart A ; Williams 1973: 62 ) . There were different ways in which the authorities violated this rule. First, it was earlier highlighted that despite public concern, the Prime Minister had already indicated that the plan would be approved. This meant that the authorities was non ready to see any input from the mark population. The execution of the programme should hold involved the mark population and acquire their blessing whether to take part in the plan or non. Although the authorities had earlier indicated that engagement in the programme was voluntary, school based programmes did non adhere to this rule ( Verweij A ; Dawson 2004: 3125 ) . Out of their artlessness, and possibly without any cognition of the possible consequence of the programme on their wellness, school traveling misss flocked to have the vaccinums. In such instance the authorities should hold called all parents foremost and informed them of the at hand programme so that parents could do their determination whether their kids should have the inoculation or non. If the authorities failed to affect concerned stakeholders, who in this instance were parents, during the blessing of the programme, parental blessing should hold been sought by the clip the programme was being implemented at school degree. In order to cover with this ethical job, the authorities should recognize the importance of the rule of informed consent and the pick of participants ( Verweij A ; Dawson 2004: 3125 ) . They should esteem the liberty of Australian school misss and seek the consent of their parents before kids receive vaccinums. Although some may reason that the harm has already been done because a figure of kids have already received the vaccinum, this should non be a ground to disregard pertinence of this rule. Sing the negative effects that have already been registered with the vaccinums, the authorities should every bit good halt the vaccinum until its effectives has been proven. This will guarantee that the rights of Australian misss to do informed pick will be respected. Decision Most medical programmes that target the mass are sometimes loaded with many ethical issues. From the basic point of blessing of such plans, pick of participants, enlisting and disposal, these programmes attract different contentions. The Federal HPV Vaccination Programme is one of such programmes that have attracted ethical contentions. From a useful position, this plan was meant to cut down the prevalence of cervical malignant neoplastic diseases among adult females in Australian. However the pick of Gardasil vaccinums remains controversial because there is no scientific information that backs the effectivity of the vaccinums. In add-on, the blessing of the plan was besides controversial because parent involved was non sought at national or school degree, which means the rule of informed consent was violated. Sing the negative consequence of the vaccinums on those who have received it, the authorities should instantly hold the plan until the effectivity of the vaccinums has been app roved. In add-on, authorities should besides affect the populace in the hereafter when doing of import public wellness determinations because they are stakeholders. How to cite The Federal Hpv Vaccination Programme Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Leadership for Woolworths Food Group - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theLeadership for Woolworths Food Group. Answer: Introduction The current report is framed to assess the leadership approach adopted by key leaders in a work-related environment. The first section draws light on the background and construction of John Durkan, Brad Banducci and John Dixon as empowering leaders of Coles, Woolworths and David Jones respectively. Furthermore, in later parts of the report their approach to leadership and success trails are discussed in deep. Constructed as Leaders CEO of Coles Supermarket, John Durkan Being a veteran of cutthroat British Grocery market, John had joined Coles as a Merchandise Director in 2008 July and then he was subsequently appointed as the COO (Chief Operating Officer) in June 2013. From 2005 to 2008 John had been playing the leading roles of COO and Trading Director at The Carphone Warehouse PLC, one of the UKs largest independent mobile phone retailer. He had been positioned as the Managing Director of Coles in the year 2014. John had considerably enhanced customer wealth; product qualities and delivering expertise knowledge to Coles by working with Safeway Stores PLC in the UK for 17 years, a large-scale food retailer which operates all the convenience, supermarket and fuel outlets. The experience span of John is surpassing in areas like marketing, product development, leading high-performance teams, commercials etc. Leadership, as well as the culture, can drive, make or break a brand and a team (Coles, Wang Zhu 2015). Leadership at Retail needs to be done in the right manner to make a successful force and leaders are able to create the culture, which drives excellence and dire commitment to deliver spectacular results. John Durkan holds specialised skills to bring the competitive edge signalling towards the growing prospects of fresh price wars in the supermarket aisles. He has been strong about its aim to build Coles into a leading retailer at Wesfarmers. CEO of Woolworths Limited, Bradford Banducci Brad was positioned in Woolworths Food Group as the Managing Director in March 2015 and consecutively in February 2016, he became the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of the Group. Before acquiring the position he held the seat of Director of Groups Liquor business between 2012 and March 2015. Brad had become a part of the group in 2011 after acquiring Cellarmasters Group, which was a direct wine retail and production company. He duly holds the position as the Chief Executive Officer of Cellarmasters from the year 2007 to 2011. Also, before this at Tyro Payments he had been the Chief Financial Officer as well as the Director plus the Non-executive Director. Later on, he was the Vice president as well as the Director with The Boston Consultancy Group, where he had been the core member of its retail practice for approx. 15 years. He had worked out to win over the confidence of investors again. It is working onto getting the top line sales and breaking the perceptions aroun d the prices by yielding maximum market share for the business. The remarkable retail leaders are required to demand excellence through their own performances and by people who surround them. As an overarching strategy of Woolworth to remain Australias largest supermarket chain has led to the long battle, which needs to bring Woolworths to its glorifying days of dominant supermarket sectors (Bettis et al, 2016). With the increasingly fierce competitors, there has been a series of Public relations blunders and a plan to bring ad-hoc strategy. With Banducci appointed as CEO, it is important that it meets the target and become exclusively competitive again. CEO of David Jones, John Dixon John Dixon who is a 30-year-old British retail veteran was attracted to Australia for revitalising David Jones. He has been positioned as Chief Executive Officer of David Jones at Woolworths Holding Limited since 2016 January. He has also been an Executive director of General Merchandise at Marks and Spencer Group plc from 1st October 2012 to July 2015. Meanwhile, in 2004 Mr Dixon filled in as an Executive Assistant to the Chief Executive of Stuart Rose. Since 2002, he was serving in as the Executive where he supervised one of the three Food exchanging divisions involving the Fresh food classifications (Kim Buchanan, 2011). Mr Dixon joined UK Head Office in 1992 as a Food purchaser in the field of Prepared Foods, trailed by Bakery and Fresh Produce, before advancing to Category Manager of Fresh Produce. Mr Dixon filled in as an Executive Director at Marks and Spencer Group plc from 9th September 2009 to 16th July 2015. Best retail leaders are intuitive yet acknowledge deliberate understanding of the highly worthy and productive team more than just a mere group of individuals (Liu, Mauer, 2011). It is focused on the development of diversified colleagues and adequate range as well as complementing skills that rely on one another to get the job done. Also, they emphasize on creating a moment of delight for our customers. Remarkable leaders continually mark their presence by connecting the dots being aware of internal as well as external challenge and thus inspire and energize with innovative ideas. Mr Dixon is perceived to play a key role in the development of David Jones with novel ideas of food strategy that comprises of revitalising food halls, different wine bars and coffee shops and subsequently a chain of stand-alone food stores. It looks onto launching of new stand-alone stores that offer astonishing experiences to their customers. Leaders Conceptualise leadership Leadership is a process wherein a person influences others to achieve an objective and also direct organization in a manner that it becomes more coherent and cohesive. John Durkan approach to leadership It is the people at Coles that drive its competitive edge and put forth a clear preference onto promoting strong commercial capability through its leadership base. It is strongly advocated by leading analysts that Australian customers and competition have been ripping off. The company being at its peak does not wish to have a downward spiral (Amba, 2013). The company vows to cut down its cost, to further reduce the prices of products in the supermarket, underpinning a profitable growth as well as cutting down competition for next five years. John Durkan has been holding a significant position in the Leadership team of Coles. He has outlined some of the major ambitious plans to transform Coles into Australias leading food and liquor chains. He has been committed to serving a customer-led business and moving continuously towards serving better value, service and quality products to their customer throughout Australia. He has continuously preached about the value of Coles Customers and the need to reduce prices even further to expand their brand range. This aims to build a trusted value position of Coles by lowering the cost and continually investing more in improvements to serve fresh food quality, adequate customer services and in-store availability (Krause Semadeni Cannella, 2014). John Durkan seeks to continue the progress trail of Coles through its transformational programs focusing on simplifying the ranges, supply chains, as well as the store operations. He has also focused on enhancing sales momentum by an enhanced customer offer. Also, the business key attention is on building network growth. Thus, Johns aim is upon serving leading shop offers and instigating competitive drive to deal with the perspective changes. He aspires to make a move to considerably turn Coles into worlds leading chain for this he has shown uncompromising stances with headstrong suppliers and his relentless focus on cost. During McLeods tenure, the actions and experiences of John Durkan showcase remarkable performance like underpinning profitable growth and enhanced returns at Wesfarmers by a rise in 30% of sales. Not only in Coles but Mr Durkan, who has worked for UK retailers Safeway and Carphone Warehouse, has highlighted a new growth phase therein by cutting down prices, enhancing Coles fresh food offerings, boosting their store services and adding financial aid to products such as life insurance. As per the leadership traits of John Durkan, it can be seen that he exhibits every character of a team leader grid that is strongly dedicated to not just assigning, but fulfilling tasks and building high relationships as well. John Durkan has set in positive examples and endeavours to encourage a team-oriented environment wherein each member can present its highest potential (Evans, Nagarajan Schloetzer, 2010). He also acts as an individual team member and gathers cooperation as well as collaboration wherein he can reach the goals more aesthetically. Mr Durkan works tirelessly to reach his goals as effectively and as far as possible, which in return strengthens the bonds with their members. This has lead to some of the most productive teams under his leadership. To meet the current parlance of change, which requires beating the price war competition Mr Durkan follows situational leadership theory as developed by Hyslop (2012), which requires the appropriate mix of supervision and ar ousal required for coach workers in a specified situation. In order to cut down prices, the goal of Mr Durkan is to hit the sweet spot i.e., to serve the correct amount of supervision as per employees knowledge and skill level. The next aim is to arouse i.e., supportive nature which requires the task holders to arouse their inner drive to motivate them towards the change. Mr Durkan by setting up practical examples and sheer goals has resulted in arousing employees stimuli towards the cognitive tasks. Furthermore as advocated by Feigin (2016), Mr Durkan can meet its current phase of goals to enhance customer base and cut down the price considerably by adequate direction, coaching, by increased support and delegation of authorities as required. Brad Banducci approach to leadership Woolworths being highly competitive has been looking to survive against all the odds in the market. Being the chief executive of Woolworths, Brad Banducci leadership skills and advises have helped Woolworths to overturn its fortunes. Since Mr Banducci has taken charge at the Woolworths, the changes are already evident, as sales and earnings have started to improve (Keith, 2012). From past 4 consecutive years, the sales of Woolworths took a major hit and since then they havent improved much. This is what made Mr Banducci change the focus of Woolworths from just concentrating on profits to improving customer service and satisfaction. His leadership skills are inspirational and motivation oriented, as he believes that satisfying customers, encouraging teamwork and innovation and admitting mistakes rather than denying them are some of the most important aspects that need to be improved. As proclaimed by Harms Cred, (2010), leadership is an act of inspiring others to pursue ones own vision within the pre-determined set parameters, through shared efforts, shared vision and shared success. He has conducted store induction programs to gain the utmost support of its new centre staff. His belief is that with great customer satisfaction comes money and profitability, if the customers are not happy then no matter how good your products are people will eventually stop buying them from your store. Just like a transformational leader, Mr Banducci plan all its new head office and support centre staff members work in a store for their first week in order to understand and get familiar with what goes around in a store (Skinner Pocock, 2011). The staffs are trained at Woolworths to meet the customer expectations. This was followed by installation of more cash registers and self-checkouts at the front end of all the stores, as this will help to serve customers faster and the queues will be less crowded. Another step Mr Banducci has taken in order to focus on putting customers first is that more staff have been employed in stores for weekends so that shelves are restocked much quicker, as well as to replenish vegetables and fruits throughout the day. Also, there is a mobile application for store teams to notify them when the sub-standard fresh product arrives in the stores. What makes Mr Banduccis leadership skills unique is how he has invested close to 150 million US Dollars in grocery prices and services in addition to cutting down of prices on products such as bananas, sausages and mince to regain the market share that has been lost to companies like Coles and Aldi. In order to assess how satisfied a customer is after visiting a Woolworths store, Brad Banducci introduced shopper scorecard last year, which measures how satisfied customers are with services such as prices, trolleys, check out queues and quality of fruit and vegetables. This step has been major in helping Woolworth realise how significantly their service and products have improved over the last year or so and the results have been astonishing. Moreover, Mr Banducci has revealed that he would like to change the business model of Woolworths by selling assets in order to strengthen the food and liquor sales. All the crucial changes made by Mr Banducci combined has helped Woolworths to improve their sales, service and customer satisfaction, which in turn has also help Woolworths to improve their strategy. Lastly, we all know that not everything comes with ease and so has been the case with Mr Banduccis leadership strategy. The investors arent yet convinced and believe that the earnings will fall further, as share prices are still lower than compared to when they appointed Mr Banducci as the CEO of the company. Mr Banducci has assured them that progress is slower than what he expected, but he is confident that the sales and profits will gradually improve, as they have done since the last month (Arli, et al, 2013). His goal as a CEO has been to regain the spirit of innovation and continue to improve the focus on customers and he believes that he has been successful in doing so, thus the results will start to show in near future. John Dixon approach to leadership David Jones is a leading departmental store spread across Australia with a distinctive brand positioning. David Jones with the growing competition and advancement in technology faces key challenges towards enhanced development (Croft Rose, 2012). The aim of the company is to meet these challenges by transforming the company, growing its store networks and strengthening their core business. In a crux, in order to survive it needs to bring and foster the change. One of its key focuses has been to make online presence globally as an opportunity in order to constantly attract customers in the utmost experiential environment. As a part of the change management, David Jones in the senior most capacity had to build up a team for expanding companies digital strategy to upkeep the company positioning and status. In an interview, Dixon had proclaimed that David Jones would undergo a significant transformation, which would impede the need to establish a forward-looking leadership team. He furthermore, stated that the combination of new skills and experiences of key people, reflecting the prime areas of strategic focus would extend the companies capabilities during the enthusing phase of business development (Riaz Haider, 2010). Mr Dixon is perceived to also play a crucial role in the development of David Jones new gourmet food strategies that encompasses matters of the revitalization of food halls, new wine bars as well as coffee shops. They are keen onto innovating not just their products but also their in-store experiences to provide their customers with an outraging experience (Zhu et al, 2011). For this, it has specially created theatre, used colours, fresheners to inspire and excite customer to make it all the more a pleasurable experience. Dixon has very well proclaimed to its thoughts of moving away from its stores from stale old fashioned to a more enthusiastic experience. He believes that customers are more of rejecting old-fashioned shop mundane, as there are growing choices in the market for them. The company has exclusively undertaken a $100 million upgrade of the food business for rolling out its stores providing a fresh experience to customers. It can be seemingly observed that John Dixon follows innovative leadership skills that is visionary and inspires other to think out of the box and seeks to create an environment where the creative ideas can be tested as well as evaluated (Spahr, P., 2015). It exhibits characteristics of a transactional leadership type wherein it reacts to change spontaneously to upkeep its level of performance. David Jones under the supervision of Mr Dixon is looking forward to the launching of new Food Halls and further smaller stores at the Central shopping centre and Bourke Street, Melbourne. He is also responsible for his technical role, along with all the research in addition to development, which will directly or indirectly impact the organization in a novel manner (Hor, 2012). This also emphasises onto encouraging an environment, which permits the employees to creatively solve the challenges and meet the change effectively (Feigin, 2016). This style of leadership often works in collaboration a nd Mr Dixon is seen eager to combine with its department store to capitalize its thoughts into being. He is also intuitive about entering a new field like that of taking advantage of strong growth in the e-commerce sector which fully integrated with online retailing operations. It is important that a correct direction is served, to which Mr Dixon justifies as he makes the experience seamless and easy for their customers as far as possible. Conceptualising success through respective leadership approach As situational leadership impels to work in ground-breaking conditions wherein leaders adapt themselves to the changing condition of the environment. The situational leadership in current era remains an undisputed leadership quality as this is not inherent personality but can be learned over the course of time. Mr Durkan has been featuring situational leadership qualities through its work wherein it analyses the situation and adopts an appropriate style to fit the changing circumstances and provides considerable direction to its team to meet the most out of current opportunities (Methner, Hamann Nilsson, 2015). The primary advantage of this sort of leadership is it requires working out the relationships with our development people to build up the team that will rise to everyones benefit. Herein Mr Durkan exclusively promotes team orientation environment at Coles to best meet the complicated situation with efficiency. On the other hand, Mr Banducci is inclined towards transformation leadership quality, which focuses on enhancing employees motivation and undertakes steps to link their identity with that of organizational values. Such leaders are often committed to their organizational goals and facilitate the participation of all in concluding a decision (McCleskey, 2014). The basic merit of such leadership is it they encourage and inspires its employees to leave back its comfort zones and meet the task at hand. Mr Banducci has been constantly focussing on extracting its employees full potential to continually develop and build a workforce that mirrors its customer base. He acknowledges the significance of engaging workforce at Woolworths, which is a leading indicator of customer satisfaction (Serfling, 2014). On the contrary, Mr Dixon follows the transactional leadership approach to imbibe the changing the environment and deal out with the problems as and when they occur. Also, leaders following transactional role emphasize keenly on novel ideas and thereby transforms the organization culture. The transactional leaders set goals and explicitly provide guidelines as well as closely monitor the employees and group performance to reward the efforts according to their commitments (Beer, Jones Clark, 2012). The prime motive of Mr Banducci was to effectively respond the deviations and recognize the corrective actions that are required to enhance the organizational performance. Currently, David Jones is embracing creative ideas by venturing into digital era of online shopping and making its stores more appealing to customers by meeting the changes that will help it in pursuing the shared vision. While on one hand transformational leaders like Mr John Durkan serve new direction to the company and its employees to bring forth the change. On the other hand, Brand Banducci following situational leadership absorbs the market changes and applies their different leadership skills to motivate employees to fit themselves to changing environment. It inspires and motivates workers to transform their roles and perform in tune with the changed environment. Besides this the transactional leaders such as John Dixon are focused upon improving performance objectives by allowing self-interest of employees, which fosters flexibility, adaptability and real-time cost benefit to the organization. Although, transactional and transformation leader emphasise on relationship continuum nevertheless situational leader pays its entire focuses on task orientation. Conclusion and Recommendation It can be concluded that each of the CEO of Coles, Woolworths and David Jones are striving forth to capitalise the maximum potential value for its organization. They are all highly experienced yet have different approaches and goals to meet. It is recommended that these three leaders need not exhibit just one set of the behaviour of leadership frame and inculcate another set of behaviours as well to move from one approach to another as and when required. To have a more passive leadership at Coles, Woolworths and David Jones, it is important that leaders entail their follower's behaviour and develop their leadership abilities accordingly. Reference Coles, J. L., Wang, A. Y., Zhu, C. (2015).Director network and CEO turnover. The university of Utah working paper. Liu, Y., Mauer, D. C. (2011). 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